Computer Hardware

Essential computer hardware components

A computer system is built using several base components, all of which function in unison to make the computer work properly. The term “computer hardware” is used to describe these individual components. This blanket term covers numerous pieces of equipment, each of which performs a specific function. No computer program or application can work without the presence of proper computer hardware components.

Here are the principal building blocks of a computer system:

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Computer Processors

A processor is the brain of a computer. Also referred to as the central processing unit or CPU, it is responsible for running all the computer’s programs. All tasks performed on the computer are processed by the CPU. It is the single most important component of any computer. A fast CPU will enormously improve overall system performance, especially for office and business applications.

Computer Memory

There are two types of memory: RAM and hard drive memory.

RAM (or random access memory) is used by applications when they need to store data temporarily while running. The more RAM there is in a computer system, the better its performance. Look for computers that have at least 2 GB of RAM.
Hard drive memory is the second type. A hard drive is where all data is permanently stored. Having a lot of hard drive space is especially beneficial, particularly if significant amounts of data are expected to be stored on the computer. Reasonable hard drive sizes start at around 160 GB.

Expansion Cards

While these components are not, strictly speaking, absolutely required to run programs on the computer, they significantly broaden the range of applications available to the user:

Video cards, which are used to display video and graphics on the computer monitor, greatly improve display capabilities. Video memory capacities typically range from 256 MB to 1 GB or more.
A sound card is responsible for handling audio on the computer; it processes audio data and sends it to the speakers. High-definition audio playback benefits substantially from a good sound card.

All of the above components are integrated onto what’s called a motherboard. A motherboard houses the CPU, RAM, video card, sound card and connectors for other devices (such as external hard drives, CD and DVD drives, etc.). Before purchasing a motherboard, one of the most important things to check for is compatibility with the CPU. All motherboard manufacturers list compatible CPU types. This serves as a great starting point for motherboard shopping.

There are options available for adding peripherals such as laser printers or additional hard drives, but the primary building blocks of any computer system are always going to include these basic computer hardware components.